@TuKsn

Проблема очень проста в решении - необходимо установить переменную DISPLAY.

VirtualBox использует его при запуске vms в режиме gui. Та же проблема возникает, когда я регистрируюсь через ssh и хочу запустить vm в режиме gui.

Спасибо за ваш скрипт, он отлично работает!

Однако мне пришлось добавить некоторую модификацию, чтобы сохранить режим работы vms (т. е. «gui» или «headless») или 'sdl'), необходимые для правильного перезапуска vms.

Ниже приведен скрипт с моими правильными значениями:

#!/bin/bash
# Script to pause/resume running VBox VMs on hibernate/thaw

# Set your display here
display=":0.0"

operation="$1"

# This script is invoked as root, but root cannot use VBoxManage to
# control the VMs of other users. So we obtain the members of the
# 'vboxusers' group and re-execute as each user in turn
if [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] ; then
    # running as root...
    vboxusers=$(grep ^vboxusers /etc/group | cut -d ':' -f 4- | tr ',' ' ')
    for user in $vboxusers; do
        echo "restarting as $user..."
        su - $user -c "$0 $operation" || exit $?
    done
    exit 0
fi

hibernated_vm_list=$HOME/.vbox-hibernated-vms

# get a list of all running VMs, save their state to disk and
# remember that we have done this
hibernate_vms()
{
    rm -f $hibernated_vm_list

    # each line in list is: "vmname" {vm-uuid}
    local vm_list="$(VBoxManage list runningvms)"
    if [ -z "$vm_list" ] ; then # nothing to do
        return 0
    fi

    local tempfile="/tmp/VBoxPauseResume.tmp"
    echo "$vm_list" > $tempfile
    local pids=""
    while read line ;
    do
        vm_name=$(echo "$line" | sed 's/\(".*"\).*/\1/')
        vm_uuid=$(echo "$line" | sed 's/.*\({.*}\)/\1/')
        vm_type=$(VBoxManage showvminfo $vm_uuid | grep "Session type:" | awk '{print $NF}')
        case $vm_type in
            "headless") ;;
            "sdl") ;;
            "GUI/Qt") vm_type="gui" ;;
            *) vm_type="gui" ;;
        esac
        echo "saving state of vm $vm_name for user $user from mode $vm_type"
        (VBoxManage controlvm $vm_uuid savestate && \
            echo "$vm_name $vm_uuid $vm_type" >> $hibernated_vm_list && \
            echo "saved state of vm $vm_name for user $user") &
        pids="$pids $!"
    done < $tempfile
    wait $pids
    rm -f $tempfile
}

# resumes any VMs that were saved by hibernate_vms(). Uses parallel
# child processes to thaw several VMs faster
thaw_vms()
{
    if [ -e $hibernated_vm_list ] ; then
        local pids=""
        while read line ;
        do
            vm_name=$(echo "$line" | sed 's/\(".*"\).*/\1/')
            vm_uuid=$(echo "$line" | sed 's/.*\({.*}\)/\1/' | awk '{print $1}')
            vm_type=$(echo "$line" | sed 's/.*\({.*}\)/\1/' | awk '{print $2}')
            echo "resuming vm $vm_name for user $user in mode $vm_type"
            DISPLAY=$display VBoxManage startvm $vm_uuid --type $vm_type &
            pids="$pids $!"
        done < $hibernated_vm_list
        wait $pids
        rm -f $hibernated_vm_list
    fi
}

case $operation in
    hibernate) hibernate_vms ;;
    suspend) ;;
    thaw) thaw_vms ;;
    resume) ;;
esac