У меня на машине две usb-вебкамеры, но при загрузке они иногда переключают /dev/video
номер. Похоже, решением этой проблемы является создание нового правила udev
. Я добавил это правило в
/etc/udev/rules.d/jj-video.rules:
KERNEL=="video1", SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0001", SYMLINK+="webcam1"
KERNEL=="video2", SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", ATTR{name}=="Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000", KERNELS=="0000:00:1d.0", SUBSYSTEMS=="pci", DRIVERS=="uhci_hcd", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086", ATTRS##{device}=="0x2658", SYMLINK+="webcam2"
но webcam
символические ссылки не создаются. Я пробовал много разных комбинаций в этом файле. Настоящие - только мои последние попытки.
Я нашел параметры в:
jjk@eee-old:~$ udevadm info -a -p $(udevadm info -q path -p /class/video4linux/video1)
Информация Udevadm начинается с устройства, указанного в devpath, а затем идет вверх по цепочке родительских устройств. Он печатает для каждого найденного устройства все возможные атрибуты в формате ключей правил udev. Соответствующее правило может быть составлено из атрибутов устройства и атрибутов одного родительского устройства.
blockquote>looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/video4linux/video1': KERNEL=="video1" SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux" DRIVER=="" ATTR{name}=="Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000" ATTR{index}=="0" ATTR{button}=="0" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0': KERNELS=="2-2:1.0" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="Philips webcam" ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00" ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 9" ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="02" ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="0a" ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="ff" ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="0" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2': KERNELS=="2-2" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="usb" ATTRS{configuration}=="" ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 3" ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1" ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="a0" ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="500mA" ATTRS{urbnum}=="371076" ATTRS{idVendor}=="046d" ATTRS{idProduct}=="08b0" ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0002" ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00" ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00" ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1" ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="8" ATTRS{speed}=="12" ATTRS{busnum}=="2" ATTRS{devnum}=="2" ATTRS{devpath}=="2" ATTRS{version}==" 1.10" ATTRS{maxchild}=="0" ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0" ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0" ATTRS{authorized}=="1" ATTRS{serial}=="01402100A5000000" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2': KERNELS=="usb2" SUBSYSTEMS=="usb" DRIVERS=="usb" ATTRS{configuration}=="" ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1" ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1" ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0" ATTRS{bMaxPower}==" 0mA" ATTRS{urbnum}=="34" ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b" ATTRS{idProduct}=="0001" ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0302" ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09" ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00" ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00" ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1" ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64" ATTRS{speed}=="12" ATTRS{busnum}=="2" ATTRS{devnum}=="1" ATTRS{devpath}=="0" ATTRS{version}==" 1.10" ATTRS{maxchild}=="2" ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0" ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0" ATTRS{authorized}=="1" ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 3.2.0-29-generic uhci_hcd" ATTRS{product}=="UHCI Host Controller" ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:1d.0" ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0': KERNELS=="0000:00:1d.0" SUBSYSTEMS=="pci" DRIVERS=="uhci_hcd" ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086" ATTRS{device}=="0x2658" ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1043" ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x82d8" ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0300" ATTRS{irq}=="23" ATTRS{local_cpus}=="ff" ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-7" ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="32" ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="32" ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0" ATTRS{msi_bus}=="" looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00': KERNELS=="pci0000:00" SUBSYSTEMS=="" DRIVERS=="" jjk@eee-old:~$
И протестировал настройку:
sudo udevadm --debug test /sys/class/video4linux/video1 main: runtime dir '/run/udev' run_command: calling: test adm_test: version 175 This program is for debugging only, it does not run any program, specified by a RUN key. It may show incorrect results, because some values may be different, or not available at a simulation run. parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-crda.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-fuse.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-gnupg.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-hplip.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-ia64.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-inputattach.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-libgphoto2-2.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-libsane.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-ppc.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-xserver-xorg-video-intel.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/42-qemu-usb.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/50-firmware.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/55-dm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/56-hpmud_support.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-cdrom_id.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-pcmcia.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-alsa.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-input.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-serial.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-dm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-tape.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/61-accelerometer.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/64-xorg-xkb.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/66-xorg-synaptics-quirks.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules' as rules file add_rule: IMPORT found builtin 'usb_id', replacing /lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules:76 parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/69-xorg-vmmouse.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/69-xserver-xorg-input-wacom.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-cd.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/70-printers.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/70-udev-acl.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/75-cd-aliases-generator.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/75-probe_mtd.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/75-tty-description.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-ericsson-mbm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-longcheer-port-types.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-nokia-port-types.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-pcmcia-device-blacklist.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-platform-serial-whitelist.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-qdl-device-blacklist.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-simtech-port-types.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-usb-device-blacklist.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-x22x-port-types.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-zte-port-types.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-nm-olpc-mesh.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/78-graphics-card.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/78-sound-card.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/80-drivers.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/80-mm-candidate.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/80-udisks.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-brltty.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-hdparm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-hplj10xx.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-keyboard-configuration.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-regulatory.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-usbmuxd.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/90-alsa-restore.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/90-alsa-ucm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/90-libgpod.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/90-pulseaudio.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-cd-devices.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-keyboard-force-release.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-keymap.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-udev-late.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-dell.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-fujitsu.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-gateway.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-ibm.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-lenovo.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-battery-recall-toshiba.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-csr.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-hid.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-wup.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/97-bluetooth-hid2hci.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/etc/udev/rules.d/jj-video.rules' as rules file udev_rules_new: rules use 259284 bytes tokens (21607 * 12 bytes), 37913 bytes buffer udev_rules_new: temporary index used 67520 bytes (3376 * 20 bytes) udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x215103e0 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/video4linux/video1' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21510758 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/video4linux/video1' udev_device_read_db: device 0x21510758 filled with db file data udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21510e10 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21511b10 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x215132f8 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21513650 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21513980 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00' udev_rules_apply_to_event: GROUP 44 /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules:29 udev_rules_apply_to_event: IMPORT 'v4l_id /dev/video1' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules:7 udev_event_spawn: starting 'v4l_id /dev/video1' spawn_read: 'v4l_id /dev/video1'(out) 'ID_V4L_VERSION=2' spawn_read: 'v4l_id /dev/video1'(out) 'ID_V4L_PRODUCT=Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000' spawn_read: 'v4l_id /dev/video1'(out) 'ID_V4L_CAPABILITIES=:capture:' spawn_wait: 'v4l_id /dev/video1' [2609] exit with return code 0 udev_rules_apply_to_event: IMPORT builtin 'usb_id' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules:9 builtin_usb_id: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0: if_class 10 protocol 0 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_VENDOR=046d udev_builtin_add_property: ID_VENDOR_ENC=046d udev_builtin_add_property: ID_VENDOR_ID=046d udev_builtin_add_property: ID_MODEL=08b0 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_MODEL_ENC=08b0 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_MODEL_ID=08b0 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_REVISION=0002 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_SERIAL=046d_08b0_01402100A5000000 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=01402100A5000000 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_TYPE=generic udev_builtin_add_property: ID_BUS=usb udev_builtin_add_property: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:0aff00:010100:010200: udev_builtin_add_property: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_USB_DRIVER=Philips webcam udev_rules_apply_to_event: LINK 'v4l/by-id/usb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules:10 udev_rules_apply_to_event: IMPORT builtin 'path_id' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules:16 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0 udev_builtin_add_property: ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_2_1_0 udev_rules_apply_to_event: LINK 'v4l/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0' /lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-v4l.rules:17 udev_rules_apply_to_event: RUN 'udev-acl --action=$env{ACTION} --device=$env{DEVNAME}' /lib/udev/rules.d/70-udev-acl.rules:74 udev_rules_apply_to_event: LINK 'webcam1' /etc/udev/rules.d/jj-video.rules:2 udev_event_execute_rules: no node name set, will use kernel supplied name 'video1' udev_node_add: creating device node '/dev/video1', devnum=81:1, mode=0660, uid=0, gid=44 udev_node_mknod: preserve file '/dev/video1', because it has correct dev_t udev_node_mknod: preserve permissions /dev/video1, 020660, uid=0, gid=44 node_symlink: preserve already existing symlink '/dev/char/81:1' to '../video1' link_find_prioritized: found 'c81:2' claiming '/run/udev/links/v4l\x2fby-id\x2fusb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x21516748 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/video4linux/video2' udev_device_read_db: device 0x21516748 filled with db file data link_find_prioritized: found 'c81:1' claiming '/run/udev/links/v4l\x2fby-id\x2fusb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0' link_update: creating link '/dev/v4l/by-id/usb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0' to '/dev/video1' node_symlink: atomically replace '/dev/v4l/by-id/usb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0' link_find_prioritized: found 'c81:1' claiming '/run/udev/links/v4l\x2fby-path\x2fpci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0' link_update: creating link '/dev/v4l/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0' to '/dev/video1' node_symlink: preserve already existing symlink '/dev/v4l/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0' to '../../video1' link_find_prioritized: found 'c81:1' claiming '/run/udev/links/webcam1' link_update: creating link '/dev/webcam1' to '/dev/video1' node_symlink: preserve already existing symlink '/dev/webcam1' to 'video1' udev_device_update_db: created db file '/run/udev/data/c81:1' for '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/video4linux/video1' ACTION=add COLORD_DEVICE=1 COLORD_KIND=camera DEVLINKS=/dev/v4l/by-id/usb-046d_08b0_01402100A5000000-video-index0 /dev/v4l/by-path/pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0-video-index0 /dev/webcam1 DEVNAME=/dev/video1 DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-2/2-2:1.0/video4linux/video1 ID_BUS=usb ID_MODEL=08b0 ID_MODEL_ENC=08b0 ID_MODEL_ID=08b0 ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:1d.0-usb-0:2:1.0 ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_1d_0-usb-0_2_1_0 ID_REVISION=0002 ID_SERIAL=046d_08b0_01402100A5000000 ID_SERIAL_SHORT=01402100A5000000 ID_TYPE=generic ID_USB_DRIVER=Philips webcam ID_USB_INTERFACES=:0aff00:010100:010200: ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00 ID_V4L_CAPABILITIES=:capture: ID_V4L_PRODUCT=Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000 ID_V4L_VERSION=2 ID_VENDOR=046d ID_VENDOR_ENC=046d ID_VENDOR_ID=046d MAJOR=81 MINOR=1 SUBSYSTEM=video4linux TAGS=:udev-acl: UDEV_LOG=6 USEC_INITIALIZED=18213768 run: 'udev-acl --action=add --device=/dev/video1' jjk@eee-old:~$
(и соответственно для video2)
Мне кажется, что мои правила прочитаны, но не соблюдаются. Что я делаю не так?
Похоже, у тебя две проблемы.
Первая - это проблема упорядочения. Читая справочную страницу kernel.org на udev , он упоминает:
Все файлы правил ... обрабатываются в лексическом порядке
blockquote>Значение правил обрабатываются в алфавитном порядке. Первое правило, которое запускается для устройства, создает файл устройства. Похоже, вы назвали свой файл правил
jj-video.rules
. Глядя на предоставленный вами выводudevadm --debug test
, он показывает, что этот файл анализируется ПОСЛЕДНИМ из всех файлов правил в вашей системе.Попробуйте переименовать файл
1114 Второй вопрос связан с самими правилами. В правилах говорится, что вы пытаетесь создать00-jj-video.rules
. Это должно поставить его первым в списке правил udev и заставить его срабатывать раньше других правил./dev/webcam2
, когда Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000 подключен к и , когда ядро включает его/dev/video2
. Из того, что вы сказали, вы не хотите совпадать с именем устройства. Другая проблема заключается в том, что вы не всегда используете шестнадцатеричные обозначения в ваших ATTRS.
Это правило должно работать для Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000, основываясь на информации, предоставленной вами в вопросе:
SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x046d", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x08b0", SYMLINK+="webcam2"
Следующее может работать для другой веб-камеры. Я не могу быть уверен, потому что вы не предоставили полную информацию:
SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x1d6b", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0x0001", SYMLINK+="webcam1"
Самый полезный учебник, который я нашел при написании правил udev, - http: //www.reactivation .net / writing_udev_rules.html .