Нет звука - Ubuntu 15.10

Я только делаю человечность 14.04. Но я не нашел аудио, проблемы о полномочиях, данных/dev/snd и файлам там. В моих системах файлы имеют полномочия для пользовательского корня и аудио группы.

Примечание никакие мировые полномочия, таким образом, пользователь должен принадлежать аудио группы, чтобы иметь разрешение.

ls -l /dev/snd to see permissions.

.....@xen2[2145]ls -l /dev/snd
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root       80 Mar 22 17:42 by-path
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  2 Mar 22 17:42 controlC0
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  7 Mar 22 17:42 controlC1
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  6 Mar 22 17:42 hwC0D0
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 10 Mar 22 17:42 hwC1D0
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  4 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC0D0c
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  3 Mar 22 18:56 pcmC0D0p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  5 Mar 22 17:42 pcmC0D2c
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  8 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC1D3p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  9 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC1D7p
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116,  1 Mar 22 17:42 seq
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 33 Mar 22 17:42 timer

If your /dev/snd files have the same permissions 
grep audio /etc/group and see if you are in that group.  

I added my username to group audio with 
sudo usermod -a -G audio "myusername"
do not quote " your user name.

I use fvwm as a window manager and start gnome stuff in an xterm. Or Gnome-Terminial.

my quick test of sound
gnome-control-center sound see if the sound effect output. 
No then do it with sudo gnome-control-center sound and see if sound effects work. 
if it works for sudo or root and not for you then it is permissions.

I just installed 14.04 on my laptop using amd64 desktop iso on a usb.
but default it install unity.   Sound did work out of the box.
But there are not the gnome-control-center sound utility.
so I
sudo apt-get gnome   It installed lots of gnome utils .... also
it asked me to choose a window manager ligntdm or gdm.   I came with lightdm highlighted and I left it.    I will be installing xdm and then I will use it.
I suspect xdm is more generic than gdm or lightdm.
Then I ran
sudo gnome-control-center sound and under Sound Effects there was only the Default and it audio clicked as I tapped it with the mouse.