победите устанавливают вулкан

Question 1

Я пытался установить обертку Python на Вулкане с помощью команды (как проинструктирован в этом веб-сайте):

pip install vulkan

Однако установка перестала работать. Ошибка, данная ниже.

Что я должен сделать для достижения успешной установки?

Моя система установлена с Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 4.8.0-44-универсальный, gcc, gcc-5, libgcc-5-dev:amd64.

$ pip install vulkan
Collecting vulkan
  Using cached vulkan-1.3.0.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py", line 118, in _compile
        extra_postargs)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/ccompiler.py", line 909, in spawn
        spawn(cmd, dry_run=self.dry_run)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/spawn.py", line 36, in spawn
        _spawn_posix(cmd, search_path, dry_run=dry_run)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/spawn.py", line 159, in _spawn_posix
        % (cmd, exit_status))
    distutils.errors.DistutilsExecError: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 161, in run
        cmd = self.call_command('install_lib', warn_dir=0)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 147, in call_command
        self.run_command(cmdname)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/install_lib.py", line 23, in run
        self.build()
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/command/install_lib.py", line 109, in build
        self.run_command('build_ext')
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 49, in run
        _build_ext.run(self)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 338, in run
        self.build_extensions()
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 447, in build_extensions
        self._build_extensions_serial()
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 472, in _build_extensions_serial
        self.build_extension(ext)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 174, in build_extension
        _build_ext.build_extension(self, ext)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 532, in build_extension
        depends=ext.depends)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/ccompiler.py", line 574, in compile
        self._compile(obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts)
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py", line 120, in _compile
        raise CompileError(msg)
    distutils.errors.CompileError: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 154, in save_modules
        yield saved
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 195, in setup_context
        yield
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 243, in run_setup
        DirectorySandbox(setup_dir).run(runner)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 273, in run
        return func()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 242, in runner
        _execfile(setup_script, ns)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 46, in _execfile
        exec(code, globals, locals)
      File "/tmp/easy_install-yozcy3gj/cffi-1.10.0/setup.py", line 232, in <module>
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 163, in setup
        raise SystemExit("error: " + str(msg))
    SystemExit: error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1087, in run_setup
        run_setup(setup_script, args)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 246, in run_setup
        raise
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__
        self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 195, in setup_context
        yield
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__
        self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 166, in save_modules
        saved_exc.resume()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 141, in resume
        six.reraise(type, exc, self._tb)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/_vendor/six.py", line 685, in reraise
        raise value.with_traceback(tb)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 154, in save_modules
        yield saved
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 195, in setup_context
        yield
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 243, in run_setup
        DirectorySandbox(setup_dir).run(runner)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 273, in run
        return func()
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 242, in runner
        _execfile(setup_script, ns)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 46, in _execfile
        exec(code, globals, locals)
      File "/tmp/easy_install-yozcy3gj/cffi-1.10.0/setup.py", line 232, in <module>
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 163, in setup
        raise SystemExit("error: " + str(msg))
    SystemExit: error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-n5qfo287/vulkan/setup.py", line 28, in <module>
        cffi_modules=["_cffi_build/vulkan_build.py:ffi"]
      File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 108, in setup
        _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 269, in __init__
        self.fetch_build_eggs(attrs['setup_requires'])
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 313, in fetch_build_eggs
        replace_conflicting=True,
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 826, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, ws, installer)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1092, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1104, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 380, in fetch_build_egg
        return cmd.easy_install(req)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 663, in easy_install
        return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 693, in install_item
        dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 873, in install_eggs
        return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1101, in build_and_install
        self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
      File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1089, in run_setup
        raise DistutilsError("Setup script exited with %s" % (v.args[0],))
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-n5qfo287/vulkan/

Обновленный: команды установки зернышка

Я установил зернышко и pip3 с помощью этих команд:

wget -v https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -O get-pip.py
sudo python get-pip.py
pip install -U pip

Я проверил свою установку с помощью этих команд

python3 -c "import pip; print(pip.__version__)"
python2 -c "import pip; print(pip.__version__)"

Question 2

Для решения вышеупомянутой ошибки я сначала установил эти пакеты

sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev libpython3.5

Когда я выполнил установку зернышка вулкан, я получил другую ошибку:

error: could not create '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pycparser': Permission denied

Установка перестала работать, потому что она хотела получить доступ разрешение записать в корневой каталог уровня. Это не было возможно с разрешением обычного пользователя.

Я попробовал sudo pip install vulkan но был сказан sudo: pip3: command not found

Я считал другие сайты объясненный, это не была хорошая практика для установки зернышка для sudo, поскольку это может повредить систему управления установки пакета. Однако с вышеупомянутым сообщением об ошибке, я думал, что у меня не было выбора, если я хотел установленный вулкан. Я затем продолжил устанавливать python3-зернышко для sudo, использующего эту команду:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libpython3-dev python-pip-whl python3-dev python3-pip python3-wheel

Я работал sudo pip3 install vulkan и наконец добрался:

  Running setup.py install for pycparser ... done
  Running setup.py install for vulkan ... done
Successfully installed cffi-1.10.0 pycparser-2.17 vulkan-1.3.0

Для проверки я выполнил эти команды и получил подтверждение:

$ pip list --format=legacy | grep vulkan
vulkan (1.3.0)
$ pip3 list --format=legacy | grep vulkan
vulkan (1.3.0)

Примечания:

Я нашел sudo find $HOME -name 'pip' -print быть очень полезным. Это перечисляет все местоположения зернышка в каталоге пользователя. В основном, команда pip install -U pip упомянутый в моем вопросе установил зернышко в
```
~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip
~/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip
~/.local/bin/pip
```
Это - то, где вещи становятся неясными мне (я ценил бы справку для понимания). Почему сделал pip install vulkan вписал /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/ вместо ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/? Я думал что, если я (пользователь) активированное зернышко, установка зернышка должна была быть ограничена моим корневым каталогом и не должна записать в корневой каталог уровня.

Sun Bear · Answer 1 · 3 November 2019 в 13:42