Несколько лет назад я скопировал все файлы из / usr / local / bin
в / bin
.
Теперь мой каталог / bin
заполнен ненужными файлами. Как мне удалить их, используя команду find
без необходимости установки сторонних пакетов?
Примечание: Ответы, включающие сторонние пакеты, могут быть полезны для других, у которых есть такой же вопрос.
If you do enough research you will find a solution by combining these five answers:
First run the command without rm
(remove) option to ensure correct files are being found:
$ find /usr/local/bin/ /bin/ -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -d | tail -n +2 | awk '{print "/bin/" $0}'
/bin/.auto-brightness-config
/bin/auto-brightness-config
/bin/bell
/bin/bell/bell-select-menu
( ... OUTPUT SHORTENED ... )
find
returns the filenames in Directory 1 (/usr/local/bin
) followed by Directory 2 (/bin
(:
sort
sorts the two directories' filenames alphabetically
uniq -d
reports only the duplicates
This gives us a list of Directory 1 filenames that were accidentally copied into Directory 2. But there is a blank line at the top of the list.
tail -n +2
removed the blank line at the top of the list.
awk '{print "/bin/" $0}'
prepends /bin/
to each filename so we have:
rm
command to pipelineNow that we've confirmed output is correct append the rm
command via xargs
. Note if you have filenames with special characters read the fourth link above for exceptional handling.
$ find /usr/local/bin/ /bin/ -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -d | tail -n +2 | awk '{print "/bin/" $0}' | xargs rm -f
rm: cannot remove '/bin/.auto-brightness-config': Permission denied
rm: cannot remove '/bin/auto-brightness-config': Permission denied
rm: cannot remove '/bin/bell': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/bell/bell-select-menu': Permission denied
The Permission denied
error appears because we must use sudo
powers to run the command. Note the error '/bin/bell' is a directory
. Later we will have to manually removed the directory with rm -d
command.
sudo
powers required for /bin
directory.The reason permission denied errors occurred is because root
owns the files in /bin
we want to delete and our regular user ID isn't allowed to delete them.
Note depending on how you copied the files into the target directory you may not need need sudo
powers to delete them. For example if you are defined as the owner of the files in the target directory.
Now lets run command with sudo
powers:
$ find /usr/local/bin/ /bin/ -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -d | tail -n +2 | awk '{print "/bin/" $0}' | sudo xargs rm -f
rm: cannot remove '/bin/bell': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/bell/sounds': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/startup-scripts': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/zap': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/zap/Assembly-Intro-hello': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/zap/Assembly-Intro-hello/BeOS': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/zap/Assembly-Intro-hello/FreeBSD': Is a directory
rm: cannot remove '/bin/zap/Assembly-Intro-hello/Linux': Is a directory
75 files have been deleted but 8 empty sub-directories are left to remove. We use the -r
recursive option with rm
command to delete them:
$ find /usr/local/bin/ /bin/ -printf '%P\n' | sort | uniq -d | tail -n +2 | awk '{print "/bin/" $0}' | sudo xargs rm -rf
Nothing is reported so no more errors!
The objective of this answer is to not only solve the problem at hand but show the reader how a problem can be solved by checking multiple existing answers in Stack Exchange.
Ваш метод великолепен, но выглядит слишком долго.
В то время как преобразовывал Linux Mint в Ubuntu, я использовал такую команду:
sudo find /bin -type f -exec dpkg -S {} \; 2> ~/Desktop/not-in-apt.out
и в результате для вашего случая мы получим неправильный список скопированных файлов в ~ / Desktop / not-in-apt.out
.
Затем вы можете просмотреть файл и удалить файлы, перечисленные в нем. Или используйте некоторые сценарии для удаления.
Чтобы быть полностью уверенным, что все остальные файлы в / bin
нормальные, вы можете переустановить их, комбинируя dpkg -S / bin
с apt-get install --reinstall
с чем-то вроде
sudo apt-get install --reinstall $(dpkg -S /bin | sed 's|: /bin||' | sed 's/,//g')