В новых версиях alsa есть звуковые устройства под каталогом /dev/snd/. Ищите устройства pcmXXXX.
Или вы всегда можете установить пакет oss-compat, чтобы вернуть /dev/dsp:
# aptitude show oss-compat
Package: oss-compat
State: not installed
Version: 0.0.4+nmu3
Priority: extra
Section: universe/sound
Maintainer: Ubuntu MOTU Developers <ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com>
Uncompressed Size: 61.4 k
Depends: module-init-tools | modutils | hurd
Description: OSS compatibility package
This package ensures that OSS support is provided in some way. On Linux, it enables the ALSA compatibility modules. On other
kernels where OSS is the default interface, no action is taken.
The purpose of this package is for applications that only support OSS to depend on it, hence preventing common "/dev/dsp not found"
errors that would confuse unexperienced users.