Как составить список свойств папок в каталоге. Мол, я хочу «найти ./ -типа d» и в то же время «их».
Можно использовать find
непосредственно для печати любых деталей Вы хотите видеть:
Для получения информации, подобной ll
- можно показать ls -dils
информация с -ls
опция:
find . -type d -ls
Например:
$ find /boot -type d -ls
3407873 4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 8 09:58 /boot
3407874 4 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 31 03:32 /boot/grub
3408122 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 27 2012 /boot/grub/fonts
3407884 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Apr 18 05:57 /boot/grub/i386-pc
3408117 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 18 05:57 /boot/grub/locale
Если Вы хотите показать больше деталей: опция -printf
берет строку формата, которая позволяет Вам показывать любые свойства каталога.
Например, для показа inode числа и простого имени файла:
find . -type d -printf '%i %f\n'
Строка формата описана в man find
:
-printf format
True; print format on the standard output, interpreting `\' escapes and `%' directives. Field widths
and precisions can be specified as with the `printf' C function. Please note that many of the fields
are printed as %s rather than %d, and this may mean that flags don't work as you might expect. This
also means that the `-' flag does work (it forces fields to be left-aligned). Unlike -print, -printf
does not add a newline at the end of the string. The escapes and directives are:
[... literal chars ...]
A `\' character followed by any other character is treated as an ordinary character, so they both are
printed.
%% A literal percent sign.
%a File's last access time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.
%Ak File's last access time in the format specified by k, which is either `@' or a directive for the
C `strftime' function. The possible values for k are listed below; some of them might not be
available on all systems, due to differences in `strftime' between systems.
[... many more time formats ...]
%b The amount of disk space used for this file in 512-byte blocks. Since disk space is allocated in
multiples of the filesystem block size this is usually greater than %s/512, but it can also be
smaller if the file is a sparse file.
%c File's last status change time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.
%Ck File's last status change time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.
%d File's depth in the directory tree; 0 means the file is a command line argument.
%D The device number on which the file exists (the st_dev field of struct stat), in decimal.
%f File's name with any leading directories removed (only the last element).
%F Type of the filesystem the file is on; this value can be used for -fstype.
%g File's group name, or numeric group ID if the group has no name.
%G File's numeric group ID.
%h Leading directories of file's name (all but the last element). If the file name contains no
slashes (since it is in the current directory) the %h specifier expands to ".".
%H Command line argument under which file was found.
%i File's inode number (in decimal).
%k The amount of disk space used for this file in 1K blocks. Since disk space is allocated in mul‐
tiples of the filesystem block size this is usually greater than %s/1024, but it can also be
smaller if the file is a sparse file.
%l Object of symbolic link (empty string if file is not a symbolic link).
%m File's permission bits (in octal). This option uses the `traditional' numbers which most Unix
implementations use, but if your particular implementation uses an unusual ordering of octal
permissions bits, you will see a difference between the actual value of the file's mode and the
output of %m. Normally you will want to have a leading zero on this number, and to do this,
you should use the # flag (as in, for example, `%#m').
%M File's permissions (in symbolic form, as for ls). This directive is supported in findutils
4.2.5 and later.
%n Number of hard links to file.
%p File's name.
%P File's name with the name of the command line argument under which it was found removed.
%s File's size in bytes.
%S File's sparseness. This is calculated as (BLOCKSIZE*st_blocks / st_size). The exact value you
will get for an ordinary file of a certain length is system-dependent. However, normally sparse
files will have values less than 1.0, and files which use indirect blocks may have a value which
is greater than 1.0. The value used for BLOCKSIZE is system-dependent, but is usually 512
bytes. If the file size is zero, the value printed is undefined. On systems which lack sup‐
port for st_blocks, a file's sparseness is assumed to be 1.0.
%t File's last modification time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.
%Tk File's last modification time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.
%u File's user name, or numeric user ID if the user has no name.
%U File's numeric user ID.
%y File's type (like in ls -l), U=unknown type (shouldn't happen)
%Y File's type (like %y), plus follow symlinks: L=loop, N=nonexistent
A `%' character followed by any other character is discarded, but the other character is printed (don't
rely on this, as further format characters may be introduced). A `%' at the end of the format argument
causes undefined behaviour since there is no following character. In some locales, it may hide your
door keys, while in others it may remove the final page from the novel you are reading.
The %m and %d directives support the # , 0 and + flags, but the other directives do not, even if they
print numbers. Numeric directives that do not support these flags include G, U, b, D, k and n. The
`-' format flag is supported and changes the alignment of a field from right-justified (which is the
default) to left-justified.
See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are han‐
dled.
В случае, если Вам нужен некоторый другой вариант команды находки, можно сделать много с find
- страница справочника довольно длинна.
Например, если Вы хотели бы не учесть hiden каталоги - те, которые имеют имена, запускающиеся с .
, и покажите только первый уровень каталогов, можно использовать это:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '[^.]*' -printf '%i %p\n'
$ find /boot -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '[^.]*' -printf '%i %p\n'
3407873 /boot
3407874 /boot/grub
(Смотрите на две новых части в команде - оба часто полезны.)
Это отобразило все свойства папки, включенной в корневом каталоге ls - все / . Надежда это - то, что Вы хотели
Если Ваша оболочка zsh
, и Вы расширили globbling (setopt extended_glob
в Вас .zshrc
), можно использовать
ls -ld *(/)
расширенные средства скороговорки шарика: перечислите все записи, которые являются каталогами. При необходимости в этом, чтобы быть рекурсивными как в find
, можно использовать
ls -ld **/*(/)
, я уверен, что существует эквивалент для bash
также...