На этот вопрос уже есть ответ:
E: Failed to stat /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/packages.microsoft.com_repos_vscode_dists_stable_InRelease - pkgAcqTransactionItem::TransactionState-stat (2: No such file or directory)
E: Failed to stat /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/packages.microsoft.com_repos_vscode_dists_stable_main_binary-amd64_Packages - pkgAcqTransactionItem::TransactionState-stat (2: No such file or directory)
W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable Release