Как открыть винную программу, если нет возможности «открыть с помощью»

You can go the directory containing the .exe file either via the cd(change directory) command , for example

cd .wine/drive_c/windows/

or just right-click the directory in your file manager and click Open in Terminal (most file managers like Dolphin or Nautilus have this option).

And then enter the name of the .exe program you want to execute for example

wine regedit.exe

all done !

Note : you necessarily don't have to cd into the desired directory , you can simply run

wine .wine/drive_c/windows/regedit.exe

Have fun using ubuntu ;)