Диск больше не монтируется при загрузке

Question 1

У меня есть сервер, на котором запущен Ubuntu Server (без графического интерфейса), и диск смонтирован в определенную папку с помощью fstab, однако на днях, после перезагрузки, он не смог смонтировать и во время запуска вверх, я получаю следующую ошибку…

An error occurred while mounting /home/user/Media/sdb.
keys:Press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery

Я новичок в сервере Linux и учусь, но я знаю, что skip отправляет меня в мой обычный пользовательский вход, а manual переводит меня в корневой каталог.

Я проверил свой файл fstab и соответствующий диск (sdb1) присутствует…

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=4e17c0d0-4774-4604-b73e-706f213208a3 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=ab7d9edb-65cf-45fa-8306-6d26b42099cd /home           xfs     defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=f1d67199-1b76-4035-9efe-f87ffcebe4d9 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/sdb1       /home/stephen/Media/sdb ext4    defaults        0       0
/dev/md0        /home/stephen/Media/raid1       ext4    defaults        0       0

Я также пробовал использовать опцию пропуска, а затем вручную монтировать диск, и это работает нормально, так что я предполагаю, что я облажался на стороне fstab, но я изо всех сил пытаюсь определить, что произошло.

Я также попытался заменить ссылку / dev / sdb1 на UUID, но это не помогло.

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=4e17c0d0-4774-4604-b73e-706f213208a3 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /home was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=ab7d9edb-65cf-45fa-8306-6d26b42099cd /home           xfs     defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=f1d67199-1b76-4035-9efe-f87ffcebe4d9 none            swap    sw              0       0
UUID=4C1C25C81C25AE40       /home/stephen/Media/sdb ext4    defaults        0       0
/dev/md0        /home/stephen/Media/raid1       ext4    defaults        0       0

У меня нет ПК с Windows, но я подключил диск к моему Mac и смог получить это из списка diskutil ...

/dev/disk3 (external, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *2.0 TB     disk3
   1:               Windows_NTFS                         2.0 TB     disk3s1

Вывод для smartctl -a / dev / sdb

user@user:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.19.0-25-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Green (AF, SATA 6Gb/s)
Device Model:     WDC WD20EARX-00PASB0
Serial Number:    WD-WMAZA5292120
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 0ad758dc6
Firmware Version: 51.0AB51
User Capacity:    2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sun Oct 18 20:32:04 2015 BST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                    was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (38760) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 374) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   192   192   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       266801
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   175   166   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       6250
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2539
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   196   196   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       76
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   056   056   000    Old_age   Always       -       32843
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       139
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       118
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   174   174   000    Old_age   Always       -       78691
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   118   107   000    Old_age   Always       -       32
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   150   150   000    Old_age   Always       -       50
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   197   197   000    Old_age   Always       -       1061
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   197   197   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1023
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   150   143   000    Old_age   Offline      -       13350

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 8 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31536 hours (1314 days + 0 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 d0 75 31 ed  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x0d3175d0 = 221345232

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 08 d0 75 31 ed 08   1d+07:59:43.846  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 c8 75 31 ed 08   1d+07:59:43.846  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 c0 75 31 ed 08   1d+07:59:43.846  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 b8 75 31 ed 08   1d+07:59:43.844  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 b0 75 31 ed 08   1d+07:59:41.951  READ DMA

Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31511 hours (1312 days + 23 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 50 fa 94 e0  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x0094fa50 = 9763408

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 08 50 fa 94 e0 08      07:41:58.418  READ DMA
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:58.415  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:56.574  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:55.374  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31511 hours (1312 days + 23 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 50 fa 94 e0  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x0094fa50 = 9763408

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 08 50 fa 94 e0 08      07:41:49.814  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 f8 fb 94 e0 08      07:41:49.813  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 f0 fb 94 e0 08      07:41:49.813  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 e8 fb 94 e0 08      07:41:49.812  READ DMA
  c8 00 08 e0 fb 94 e0 08      07:41:49.812  READ DMA

Error 5 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31511 hours (1312 days + 23 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 50 fa 94 e0  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x0094fa50 = 9763408

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 08 50 fa 94 e0 08      07:41:39.776  READ DMA

Error 4 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31511 hours (1312 days + 23 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 50 fa 94 e0  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x0094fa50 = 9763408

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 08 50 fa 94 e0 08      07:41:18.237  READ DMA
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:18.236  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:18.232  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08      07:41:17.219  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     32842         290392361
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     32841         290392360
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     32841         290392360

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Надеюсь, это поможет.

Буду признателен, если кто-нибудь подскажет, в чем я ошибаюсь.

Спасибо, Ste

Question 2

кажется, что у Вашего диска есть прочитанная неудача:

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     32842         290392361

и имел неудачу DMA 54 дня в прошлом:

Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 31536 hours (1314 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
Command/Feature_Name: READ DMA

(54 дня со времени Вы бежали smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb)

И снова несколько раз та же ошибка один день и за один час до того (Ошибки 7, 6, 5 и 4)

, К сожалению, я вижу только один выход из беспорядка, который Вы имеете (хорошо, два, но каждый коммерческий, и я должен расспросить тут и там, если мне разрешают отправить коммерческие решения):

Остановка, используя диск как можно скорее, купите другой диск, больше или равный Вашему текущему диску, и используйте ddrescue, чтобы скопировать хорошие сектора от дефектного диска на новый диск.

Осматривают это место, как использовать ddrescue. Если это все еще неясно после оглядывания, не стесняйтесь к , спрашивает другой вопрос обращение к вопросам, что Вы уже изучили и объясняете, что пошло не так, как надо!

_{Не стесняются оставлять комментарий ниже, если Вы хотите коммерческое решение также.}

Community · Accepted Answer · 19 October 2015 в 08:40