Rolf, к сожалению, ваше решение не работает в Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS:
$ vbnc -noconfig test.vb -imports:System
Visual Basic.Net Compiler version 0.0.0.5943
Copyright (C) 2004-2010 Rolf Bjarne Kvinge. All rights reserved.
Error VBNC30456: 'ComponentModel' is not a member of 'Global.System'.
Error VBNC30456: 'CodeDom' is not a member of 'Global.System'.
Error VBNC30456: 'ComponentModel' is not a member of 'Global.System'.
Error VBNC30456: 'CodeDom' is not a member of 'Global.System'.
Error VBNC30456: 'CodeDom' is not a member of 'Global.System'.
There were 5 errors and 0 warnings.
На самом деле, вы должны использовать vbnc2 для компиляции вашего кода, например:
$ vbnc2 test.vb
Visual Basic.Net Compiler version 0.0.0.5943
Copyright (C) 2004-2010 Rolf Bjarne Kvinge. All rights reserved.
Assembly 'test, Version=0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' saved successfully to 'test.exe'.
Compilation successful
Удачи!