Существует аналогичная разница между двумя инструментами для пакетов .deb.
Похоже, что файл использует /etc/mime.types, а mimetype использует намного сложную заготовку большего количества XDG_DATA_DIRS (из [ f6]):
ENVIRONMENT
XDG_DATA_HOME
XDG_DATA_DIRS
These variables can list base directories to search for data files. The shared mime-info will be expected in the "mime" sub directory of one of these directories. If these are not set,
there will be searched for the following directories:
$HOME/.local/share/mime
/usr/local/share/mime
/usr/share/mime
See also the "XDG Base Directory Specification" http://freedesktop.org/Standards/basedir-spec <http://freedesktop.org/Standards/basedir-spec>
FILES
The base dir for all data files is determined by two environment variables, see "ENVIRONMENT".
BASE/mime/packages/SOURCE.xml
All other files are compiled from these source files. To re-compile them use update-mime-database(1).
BASE/mime/globs
Compiled information about globs.
BASE/mime/magic
Compiled information about magic numbers.
BASE/mime/MEDIA/SUBTYPE.xml
Descriptions of a mimetype in multiple languages, used for the "--describe" switch.